I've tried this with a few different PDFs, some which I've made with Inkscape, and some from other sources, all give the same symptoms.
I've also tried a few different arguments - this dump is from just using it to convert to PNG, but I originally encountered the issue while using threshold.
ImageMagick Version: ImageMagick 6.9.1-9 Q16 x64 2015-07-18 (checksum verified after download)
OS: Windows 7 Home 64 bit
Error transcript:
C:\Users\Sandy\Desktop>convert drawing2.pdf drawing2.png
convert.exe: FailedToExecuteCommand `"C:/Program Files (x86)/GPLGS/gswin32c.exe" -q -dQUIET -dSAFER -dBATCH -dNOPAUSE -dNOPROMPT -dMaxB
itmap=500000000 -dAlignToPixels=0 -dGridFitTT=2 "-sDEVICE=pngalpha" -dTextAlphaBits=4 -dGraphicsAlphaBits=4 "-r72x72" "-sOutputFile=C:
/Users/Sandy/AppData/Local/Temp/magick-4840tZf8nkijSjor%d" "-fC:/Users/Sandy/AppData/Local/Temp/magick-4840mXVwpZvYUtKV" "-fC:/Users/Sa
ndy/AppData/Local/Temp/magick-4840UdvPbG89ermA"' (Unrecoverable error: rangecheck in .setuserparams
Operand stack:
--nostringval-- --nostringval-- --nostringval--
START 0 2588256 1247162 1476808 192904 true 1138 5 <3>
END PROCS 1 2588256 1258461 1476808 194288 true 1137 5 <3>
gs_std_e.ps 1 2608352 1264522 1496904 199000 true 1137 5 <6>
gs_il1_e.ps 2 2608352 1266711 1496904 199000 true 1137 5 <9>
END FONTDIR/ENCS 2 2608352 1266889 1496904 199000 true 1137 5 <15>
END DEVS 2 2611856 1273921 1496904 199000 true 1137 5 <15>
END STATD 3 2611856 1281083 1496904 200624 true 1137 5 <39>
END GS_FONTS 4 2652048 1311983 1496904 200624 true 1138 5 <45>
END BASIC COLOR 5 2652048 1318550 1496904 200624 true 1136 5 <48>
END LEVEL 1 COLOR 5 2652048 1320284 1496904 200624 true 1136 5 <51>
END IMAGE 6 2672144 1326920 1496904 200624 true 1136 5 <54>
gs_btokn.ps 7 2672144 1330368 1496904 200624 true 995 4 <57>
gs_dps1.ps 7 2672144 1331719 1496904 200624 true 995 4 <57>
gs_dps2.ps 8 2672144 1333732 1496904 200624 true 995 4 <57>
gs_type1.ps 8 2672144 1335264 1496904 200624 true 995 4 <57>
While reading gs_lev2.ps:
%%[ Error: invalidaccess; OffendingCommand: put ]%%
START 530715 2746856 1404469 1496904 202880 true 999 7 <92>
END PROCS 530716 2746856 1415752 1496904 204264 true 997 7 <92>
gs_std_e.ps 530717 2766952 1421813 1496904 205648 true 997 7 <95>
gs_il1_e.ps 530717 2766952 1424002 1496904 205648 true 997 7 <98>
END FONTDIR/ENCS 530717 2766952 1424180 1496904 205648 true 997 7 <104>
END DEVS 530718 2770456 1431212 1496904 205648 true 997 7 <104>
END STATD 530718 2770456 1438446 1496904 207272 true 997 7 <128>
END GS_FONTS 530719 2800400 1467580 1496904 207272 true 997 7 <134>
END BASIC COLOR 530720 2820496 1477475 1496904 207272 true 995 7 <137>
END LEVEL 1 COLOR 530721 2820496 1479209 1496904 207272 true 995 7 <140>
END IMAGE 530721 2820496 1482517 1496904 207272 true 995 7 <143>
gs_btokn.ps 530722 2820496 1485965 1496904 207272 true 995 7 <146>
gs_dps1.ps 530722 2820496 1487316 1496904 207272 true 995 7 <146>
gs_dps2.ps 530723 2820496 1489329 1496904 207272 true 995 7 <146>
gs_type1.ps 530724 2840592 1494213 1496904 207272 true 995 7 <146>
While reading gs_lev2.ps:
%%[ Error: invalidaccess; OffendingCommand: put ]%%
) @ error/delegate.c/ExternalDelegateCommand/480.
convert.exe: PDFDelegateFailed `Unrecoverable error: rangecheck in .setuserparams
Operand stack:
--nostringval-- --nostringval-- --nostringval--
START 0 2588256 1247162 1476808 192904 true 1138 5 <3>
END PROCS 1 2588256 1258461 1476808 194288 true 1137 5 <3>
gs_std_e.ps 1 2608352 1264522 1496904 199000 true 1137 5 <6>
gs_il1_e.ps 2 2608352 1266711 1496904 199000 true 1137 5 <9>
END FONTDIR/ENCS 2 2608352 1266889 1496904 199000 true 1137 5 <15>
END DEVS 2 2611856 1273921 1496904 199000 true 1137 5 <15>
END STATD 3 2611856 1281083 1496904 200624 true 1137 5 <39>
END GS_FONTS 4 2652048 1311983 1496904 200624 true 1138 5 <45>
END BASIC COLOR 5 2652048 1318550 1496904 200624 true 1136 5 <48>
END LEVEL 1 COLOR 5 2652048 1320284 1496904 200624 true 1136 5 <51>
END IMAGE 6 2672144 1326920 1496904 200624 true 1136 5 <54>
gs_btokn.ps 7 2672144 1330368 1496904 200624 true 995 4 <57>
gs_dps1.ps 7 2672144 1331719 1496904 200624 true 995 4 <57>
gs_dps2.ps 8 2672144 1333732 1496904 200624 true 995 4 <57>
gs_type1.ps 8 2672144 1335264 1496904 200624 true 995 4 <57>
While reading gs_lev2.ps:
%%[ Error: invalidaccess; OffendingCommand: put ]%%
START 530715 2746856 1404469 1496904 202880 true 999 7 <92>
END PROCS 530716 2746856 1415752 1496904 204264 true 997 7 <92>
gs_std_e.ps 530717 2766952 1421813 1496904 205648 true 997 7 <95>
gs_il1_e.ps 530717 2766952 1424002 1496904 205648 true 997 7 <98>
END FONTDIR/ENCS 530717 2766952 1424180 1496904 205648 true 997 7 <104>
END DEVS 530718 2770456 1431212 1496904 205648 true 997 7 <104>
END STATD 530718 2770456 1438446 1496904 207272 true 997 7 <128>
END GS_FONTS 530719 2800400 1467580 1496904 207272 true 997 7 <134>
END BASIC COLOR 530720 2820496 1477475 1496904 207272 true 995 7 <137>
END LEVEL 1 COLOR 530721 2820496 1479209 1496904 207272 true 995 7 <140>
END IMAGE 530721 2820496 1482517 1496904 207272 true 995 7 <143>
gs_btokn.ps 530722 2820496 1485965 1496904 207272 true 995 7 <146>
gs_dps1.ps 530722 2820496 1487316 1496904 207272 true 995 7 <146>
gs_dps2.ps 530723 2820496 1489329 1496904 207272 true 995 7 <146>
gs_type1.ps 530724 2840592 1494213 1496904 207272 true 995 7 <146>
While reading gs_lev2.ps:
%%[ Error: invalidaccess; OffendingCommand: put ]%%
' @ error/pdf.c/ReadPDFImage/797.
convert.exe: no images defined `drawing2.png' @ error/convert.c/ConvertImageCommand/3230.
