The -extent seemed to work fine.
What looks like happened is that the overlay image was modified by the mask rather than the mask being used to mix images.
Before IM v6.3.4-11 composite masking erroniously used the mask as a 'transparency' mask for the source image rather than a selection or mixing mask between the results and the original image.
See Composite Mask Bug
http://www.imagemagick.org/Usage/bugs/composite_mask/
As the images do not contain transparency the solution is simple. Extend the background image eastward (as it is now doing), but also extend the overlay image westward. Then ensure ALL images have an alpha channel (-matte) before doing the masked overlay.
Alternately, mask the overlay image with the appropriate transparency, then overlay!
That will however mean the mask has to be adjusted to match the overlay image.
I do not recommend simply adding an alpha channel and resizing the mask so as to match the overlay image, though for that version of IM it will work. The problem is that will break when IM is finally updated.