JPEG is a lossy image file format. It does NOT store the colors exactly, especially near sharp color changes such as your transition from dark green to black.
That is the source of your color distortions.
See IM Examples, Common File Formats, JPEG, Jpeg Compression
http://www.imagemagick.org/Usage/formats/#jpg
which looks at this problem in more detail.
jpg troubble using "-compose screen"
- anthony
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Re: jpg troubble using "-compose screen"
Anthony Thyssen -- Webmaster for ImageMagick Example Pages
https://imagemagick.org/Usage/
https://imagemagick.org/Usage/