I would not use 'pixel centers' but edges as you did originally. Just remember the numbers are floating point, and whole numbers are the 'edges' of pixel areas (image coordinates). Pixel centers are typically only used when liniting up image according to the pixel, rather than using the edge.
See... Layering Distorted Images
http://www.imagemagick.org/Usage/layers/#layer_distort
The 2 pixel with border is to hold 'semi-transparent pixels' that often results in any re-sampled resize (scaling) of an image. Normal resize just 'clips' (actually ignores) such fine details, but distort does not. These pixels are important as they handle the 'edge joining' of multiple images, or layering of images on other images properly.
Actually the 2 pixels is actually a bit of a fudge. In reality, the number of extra pixels added should be the re-sampling filter window radius, scaled appropriately. Which for most distortions is 2*scaling factor. So in your case (50% enlargement) it really should really be 2 pixels * 1.5, or exactly 3 pixels added (exact is rare)!!!!
If you do not like the 2 pixels, just 'shave' the image! Or DIY your own 'viewport', as that is what
+distort is actually calculating, using the equivalent forward mapped version of the distortion, if that is possible (not always possible). At least with the current fudge, you know exactly how many pixels needed to be shaved!
NOTE: The image location IS correct, on the virtual canvas (as a layered image). So the image is likely to have a -2-2 page offset. A
-crop of that 'virtual canvas' will come out correct, but
-shave will shift the image on the virtual canvas.