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Smoothly denoise an image of a scanned page
Posted: 2017-12-12T08:54:09-07:00
by pchun
Here is a fragment of a scanned page image. The paper is rather grainy so I am trying to smoothly reduce background noise while keeping foreground text as much intact as possible.
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1ts2IK7 ... sp=sharing
This task appears to be rather straightforward in various image editors, say with Photoshop "smart blur" or with Paint.NET "denoise filter" (below is the page fragment processed with Paint.NET filter).
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1PACXoi ... sp=sharing
But I struggle to find appropriate equivalent in IM. I tried -enhance, -noise and -selective-blur but results are much cruder whith most of noisy flecks on the background just slightly reduced (say with -noise 5), and if I increase operators intensity the text begins to suffer as well. Is there an IM operator capable of doing that? Combination of several operators?
I am on Wndows 8, IM 7.0.3
Re: Smoothly denoise an image of a scanned page
Posted: 2017-12-12T09:53:09-07:00
by snibgo
That "denoise.jpg" result contains lots of noise.
If we define "noise" as slopes less than 10%, we can remove noise by finding the slope, zeroing values within 10% of zero, then reconstructing by finding the div and Poisson-pasting.
http://snibgo.com/imforums/fragment_out2.jpg
The process has created a slight halo. Reduce the 10% for less halo, but more noise.
The Windows BAT file that does this is:
Code: Select all
rem Remove low-amplitude noise
set SRC=fragment.jpg
call %PICTBAT%slopeXY ^
%SRC% spm_sxy.miff
%IM32f%convert ^
spm_sxy.miff ^
-fuzz 10%% -fill Black -opaque Black ^
-define quantum:format=floating-point ^
-depth 32 ^
spm_sxy2.miff
call %PICTBAT%slopeXYdiv ^
spm_sxy2.miff spm_div2.miff
set MASK=spm_mask.png
%IM%convert ^
%SRC% ^
-fill White -colorize 100 ^
-gravity Center ^
-shave 1x1 ^
-bordercolor Black -border 1 ^
%MASK%
call %PICTBAT%poissonPaste ^
%SRC% . %MASK% ^
fragment_out2.png ^
. spm_div2.miff
Re: Smoothly denoise an image of a scanned page
Posted: 2017-12-12T10:22:39-07:00
by pchun
Thank you, I will try it. Though what is spm_sxy.miff spm_sxy2.miff in your code?
I am not a professional so I didn't think of noise reduction in terms of it's scientific definition. May be what I am trying to get at shouldn't be called noise reduction from scientific point of view at all. My goal was just to smooth the background a bit to make it appear more uniform and visually pleasing. The problem is I couldn't get to how denoise.jpg looks with respect to initial fragment using -noise or -enhance operators.
Re: Smoothly denoise an image of a scanned page
Posted: 2017-12-12T10:33:12-07:00
by fmw42
This is not nearly as good as snibgo's poisson noise removal, but try
Code: Select all
convert fragment.jpg -enhance -enhance -enhance -enhance -enhance -enhance -enhance -enhance -enhance -enhance result1.jpg
or if on Unix-like system, try my textcleaner script
Code: Select all
textcleaner -f 20 -o 10 -b image -S 100 -f 10 fragment.jpg resul2.jpg
Re: Smoothly denoise an image of a scanned page
Posted: 2017-12-12T10:42:00-07:00
by pchun
Thank you Fred, actually I did try to roughshod it using several iterations of -enhance in a row, but it's awfully slow (at least on my system) if I process a whole page not just a fragment.
Re: Smoothly denoise an image of a scanned page
Posted: 2017-12-12T11:06:04-07:00
by fmw42
FYI. Miff is an internal IM image format that people often use as intermediate image.
Re: Smoothly denoise an image of a scanned page
Posted: 2017-12-12T11:10:01-07:00
by snibgo
Noise is like weeds in a garden -- weeds are simply plants we don't want. My point was to define what I was going to remove from the image, and it works because we want a "flat" (EDIT: I mean, "smooth", where the second derivative is mostly zero) background, but other definitions of "noise" are possible.
The *.miff files in my script are temporary files, eg spm_sxy.miff contains two images, for the x- and y-components of slope. More details are at
Seamless photomontage, see the image of the boy.
Re: Smoothly denoise an image of a scanned page
Posted: 2017-12-14T07:48:54-07:00
by pchun
I would like to ask Snibgo's help to clarify his XY approach. How do I actually go about it? I processed the page with slopeXY.bat, then put the .miff file through the transformations in the code snippet and produced the second .miff file. How do I get filtered page image from the second .miff then?
Update:
Sorry, I was too stupid to scroll through the whole code snippet and didn't see the full length of it. I understand what to do now.
Re: Smoothly denoise an image of a scanned page
Posted: 2017-12-16T05:27:59-07:00
by pchun
One more point. I sought more information about Paint.Net denoise filter my sample fragment had been processed with. Turns out it's just a simplified wrapper for Greycstoration algorithm. Is it by any chance available in IM?
Re: Smoothly denoise an image of a scanned page
Posted: 2017-12-16T09:37:01-07:00
by snibgo
pchun wrote:... Greycstoration algorithm. Is it by any chance available in IM?
No. I have IM scripts that do similar work (eg Adaptive contour blur and sharpen, the Modifying texture part of Seamless photomontage).
Re: Smoothly denoise an image of a scanned page
Posted: 2017-12-16T10:51:33-07:00
by fmw42
G'MIC contains Graycstoration code and is available on GIMP
Re: Smoothly denoise an image of a scanned page
Posted: 2017-12-20T21:54:17-07:00
by snibgo
A different approach:
1. Create a Laplacian pyramid.
2. At each level:
2a. Calculate the standard deviation of the level multiplied by a user-supplied parameter.
2b. Where the pixel value is within that fuzz of zero, make it zero.
3. Reconstruct the image from the pyramid.
The result isn't as good as the Poisson-smooth, but it is much faster: 8 seconds for this image. (It could be optimised to be much faster, probably under 1 second.)
For example, where the parameter in 2a is 0.5:
